The Prison System - 1048 Words

Final Exam Essay Question #2 Question: Discuss the history of the prison system in the United States. Be sure to identify the various stages that the American prison system has gone through. Also identify what problems were present with each stage as you see them. Response: American prison system incarceration was not officially used as the main form of punishment in United States (U.S.) until around the 1800’s. Before that time criminals were mainly punished by public shaming, which involved punishments such as being whipped, or branded (HL, 2015). In fact, President Lincoln codified the prison incarceration system in the Emancipation Proclamation that indicated no slavery would take place in America unless a person was duly convicted of a crime (paraphrased) (White, 2015). In this era prisons were used more as a place where criminals could be detained until their trial date if afforded such an opportunity. However, one of the main problems with this idea was the fact that the prisons were badly maintained, which resulted in many people contracting fatal diseases. Yet, according to White (2015) unethical and immoral medical experiments were also conducted on inmates’ leading to health failures. Moreover, because everyone was detained i n the same prisons, adolescent offenders would have to share the same living space with adult felons, which became another serious problem in that adolescent were less mature and could not protect themselves in such environmentsShow MoreRelatedThe Prison System And The Prisons System Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesrealize how much prison affects someone. In the US the prison system is completely different than the prison system in Denmark. After watching Prison State, I didn’t really know what the pros were of our prison system. I saw more cons than pros. I was completely shocked by the way that Denmark runs their prison system. The video confused me a bit, so I did some research and found an article that I understood a little bit better about Denmark’s prison system. The US prison system is definitely moreRead MorePrison And The Prison System Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscouragement for humans is through the prison system. Because of this, these humans or inmates, are sentenced to spend a significant part of their life in a confined, small room. With that being said, the prison life can leave a remarkable toll on the inmates life in many different categories. The first and arguably most important comes in the form of mental health. Living in prison with have a great impact on the psychological part of your life. For example, The prison life is a very much different wayRead MorePrison System1495 Words   |  6 PagesPrison inmates, are some of the most maladjusted people in society. Most of the inmates have had too little discipline or too much, come from broken homes, and have no self-esteem. They are very insecure and are at war with themselves as well as with society (Szumski 20). Most inmates did not learn moral values or learn to foll ow everyday norms. Also, when most lawbreakers are labeled criminals they enter the phase of secondary deviance. They will admit they are criminals or believe it when theyRead MorePrison Authority And The Prison System947 Words   |  4 Pagesprisoners possess zero authority in the prison system. They have no control over any aspect of their daily lives, but instead they are minded by prison jurisdiction. Prison guards and wardens possess the power to do anything that they please within those brick walls. This is an issue that society has been aware of for many decades; however, there has been little to no effort to change the conditions. Many prisoners have sought to inform society of how these prison authority figures abuse their powerRead MoreThe Judicial System And Prison System1594 Words   |  7 Pagesare corrupt, how the police are corrupt, and how America’s whole legal system is uncontrolled. â€Å"I was innocent but was still jailed†; â€Å"the cops only ta rgeted me because I was black†; and â€Å"How am I to live after ten years of imprisonment†. There’s a need for a reformation or policy changes in how America handles the judicial system and prison system because, currently, it’s chaotic, unfair, and overwhelming. In the judicial system there have been many cases where people have done the same crime, butRead MoreFederal Prisons Systems1009 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Traditionally, state-controlled prisons have been taken to be more dangerous as compared to federal prison system because they always house more dangerous criminals. Some of the states like New York tend to have their inmates spend most of their time during their sentence in maximum security prisons; however, federal prisons apply lower level security prisons for longer duration of incarceration (recently). While state prison systems is meant to house criminal like rapists, murderRead MoreThe Prison System At Parchman1032 Words   |  5 PagesWorse than Slavery is a monograph that discusses Parchman Prison and gives various accounts of men and women who lived within the prison. Overall, Parchman was another way for white men to stay in charge and to keep black men oppressed. During this time, ninety percent of the prison population was African American. Although slavery had ended many years prior to the establishment of Parchman, it had many characteristics of slavery. The prison system at Parchman reflects themes of poverty, racism and reformRead MoreReforming Prisons : Reforming The Prison System Essay2140 Words   |  9 Pages Reforming our Prison System With the population of the United States prisons growing every day we need to evaluate if they are doing any good. Personally, I believe that we need to keep our prison system, but we need to take steps in reforming them rather than abolish them altogether. The United States has the highest number of incarcerated people than any other country in the world. We must sit down and look at other countries and see what they are doing different than the United States. In thisRead MoreThe Death Of The Prison System1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe prison system has seen huge changes from the American Colonel days to now. At first punishment was a way to inflict pain in suffering onto prisoners. By doing this it set an example to detour crime. Punishment throughout time has changed with the building of prison systems and labor being implemented. Today punishment is carried out much different than in the past. Punishment is way to keep order and discipline throughout society. Punishments focu s more now on rehabilitation then it does toRead MoreThe Punishment Of Prison System825 Words   |  4 Pages In principle, prison system plays important role in the society through reforming and punishing offenders sent to prison and preventing potential offenders. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of in prisoners in the US prisons system, because prison is used as the primary correction facility for offenders while ensuring justice to offended (Guerino 20). Prisons comprise of offenders who are above the county jail level. Further, inmates comprise of people from different

Computers the Greatest Invention of the Century

Many people consider the computer to be a once in a lifetime invention. Almost everywhere one goes and looks, there is always a computer. They are found in basically every household in America. It is such a powerful device that it changes the way people run their lives. The question is, are computers all good or are there some downfalls to this incredible gadget? In order to answer this question, it is best for one to know the history, components, careers, and the dark side of computers. There is no simple answer to the question, Who invented the computer? Many inventors, through the course of time have contributed to the invention of the computer. It is quite hard to pinpoint the first computer, but most scholars say the abacus†¦show more content†¦Computer software is the programs designed to perform a specific task. It works along with hardware to help the computer run. It is the opposite of computer hardware in that it is not physically tangible. There are two main different types of frequently used software. One is system software and the other is application software (Swedin and Ferro 40). The system software is commonly referred to as the operating system. All computers have an operating system. It is used for starting the computer and running all the application software, along with other things. Some common operating systems are Windows, Linux and Macintosh (40). Then there is the application software as mentioned before. Applications are computer programs that are designed for a specific task. Some typical examples of application software are word processors, media players and computer games (Swedin and Ferro 86). So all in all, computer hardware and software goes hand in hand in making the computer to be what it is today. Computers and the Internet are not going away any time soon. In fact computer careers are one of the fastest growing segments in the market right now. Everybody needs technology, everybody needs people that know how to make computers work and understands how it impacts the business (Abbott). It is true that many computer related jobs are going overseas, and most of those jobs are being taken byShow MoreRelatedInvention, Innovation, and Interdependence Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pages A strong and vibrant culture celebrates the spirit of invention and innovation. Closely allied with this concept is the spirit of entrepreneurship, considered one of the greatest qualities of the American culture. Americans laud the success of the inventor and salesman alike; while the greatest self-promoters are more fully remembered, the greatest minds are never truly forgotten. It is in the American society that the ideals of invention and innovation exist interdependently with the ideals ofRead MoreThe Internet Is The Greatest Invention Of The 20th Century977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Internet is the greatest invention of the 20th Century because it changed the course of humanity. It literally has impacted us all in very beneficial ways. The Internet is â€Å"a global communication network that allows almost all computers worldwide to connect and exchange information† (dictionary.com). It connects billions of devices worldwide. Why is the Internet so great? Well, it has for one thing impacted education in an enormous way. Education is now the fundamental skill for life. TheRead MoreThe Greatest Invention Of My Lifetime1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe word invention has been derive d from a Latin word â€Å"Invenire† meaning â€Å"discover†, so the word invention means to discover something unprecedented. Every human being has experienced some sort of invention in their life that has made their lives easier and they might consider that invention as the greatest invention of their life. I too have experienced a similar interest which I consider as the greatest invention of my lifetime mainly because it has made my life much easier, that invention is computerRead MoreScientific and Technological Progress726 Words   |  3 Pagesof people at the beginning of the 20th century. It has changed beyond recognition. Our ancestors hadnt the slightest idea of the trivial things created by the scientific progress that we use in our everyday life. I mean refrigerators, TV sets, computers, microwave ovens, radio telephones, what not. They would seem miracles to them that made our life easy, comfortable and pleasant. On the other hand, the great inventions of the beginning of the 20th century, I mean radio, airplanes, combustion andRead More Blogs - From Printing Press to Blog Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pageswebsite records his weekly musings and political rants, and it is one of several million to be updated on a regular basis. Such a website is called a blog, or web log, and in an age of the Internet such as this, it is quickly becoming the newest and greatest symbol of modern technologys impact on writing and popular culture. However, writing as we know it is the product of an evolutionary process, which provides for a history that reaches as far back as the clay tablets of ancient Sumer. As such,Read MoreHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1233 Words   |  5 PagesMore than often, we encounter the idea of computers becoming smarter and surpassing the human brain; opinions like these are accepted by the general public and are perceived skeptical by scientists, psychologists, and philosophers alike. The concern is not be tween machine and brain, but whether human ingenuity is as exceptional as or better than nature itself. The human being, a natural part of the world, has evolved from lower organisms to much higher, complex creatures; eventually the evolutionaryRead MoreThe Old English Proverb, Aesop For Children1178 Words   |  5 Pageslife’s accomplishments. Douglas Engelbart, largely known as the inventor of the mouse, affected the history of computing technology in a much deeper manner. Rather a chronological account of Engelbart’s entire life, this research paper analyzes his greatest accomplishments in a chronological order that directly supported the increased coordination of user’s efforts. Douglas Engelbart transcended the limits of computing technology by aligning human minds with computing systems through his collaborativeRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1413 Words   |  6 PagesEurope. This invention became a great industry in Britain. The printing pre ss became a popular industry in the mid-19th century as the second industrial revolution commenced a communication revolution. There were several factors that made printing press very popular and substantial such as during wars where there was more of an urgency to strive for news. The following essay will discuss the developments and events that led to the press becoming an industry in Britain. During the 18th century there wasRead MoreThe History and Technology of the Computer in the Nineteenth Century1590 Words   |  7 Pages On an average day so many people are dependent on computers for their capabilities; including, police officers, small businesses, Wall Street, and even the average person for leisure. Without the invention of the first mechanical computer design in 1822 by Charles Baggage, our society would not be where it is at today. The computer has been noted to be most of the most powerful technology that societies will ever have.1 The first computer consisted of nearly 4,000 different parts. MeasuringRead MoreImpacts of Computer874 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Computer on Society Everyone knows that this is the age of computer and majority of people are using computer. Development of science and technology has direct effect on our daily life as well as in our social life. Computer technology has made communication possible from one part of the world to the other in seconds. They can see the transactions in one part of the world while staying in the other part. Computer development is one of the greatest scientific achievements of the 20 the

Art Analysis at the Art Institute of Chicago Essay Example For Students

Art Analysis at the Art Institute of Chicago Essay While I have been to the Art Institute before, I always went for fun, never to actually analyze the art and compare and contrast. When I went on July 29th my main focus was to seek out the Western and non-Western pieces and observe the differences as well as the similarities. After reading the prompt for this assignment, I also became curious as to why there aren’t any Chinese paintings on display, something I had not noticed during my previous trips. The museum is pretty large, so why hide part of Chinese culture in storage? I never found out an explanation to my question, so I suppose it will still remain a mystery. I started my trip by looking at the Western paintings from before 1600 to see the earliest records to be able to understand how they have changed overtime. The earliest paintings were a lot more colorful and detailed than I thought that they would be since they were the oldest. I assumed that as time passed, paintings would progress and get better, but they showed how artistic those were even way back in the day. In contrast to those paintings from the 1400’s which seemed to be made based upon a certain artist’s imagination, those in the 1600’s began to become more religious. This may have contributed to the rise of the West since during this time revolutions from the church and the state were beginning which makes sense as to why paintings began to represent Christ. After getting a good idea of prominent themes from Western art, I began to look at early non-Western art to compare. While themes of Western art obviously changed over time, this was not the case for the non-Western art. Western art seemed to expand their culture over time, while the non-Western stayed more traditional. This can also be seen to as why the West was able to rise, they were able to change their way of thinking which can be seen from the change in their art while other areas did not. This adds on to how, â€Å"Europeans’ willingness to learn from others and to try new things is the main cause of the West’s rise†. Even though this is just the art aspect, it can be seen as an example as their openness to do something different than their norm. From my trip to the Art Institute I learned something that I had not acknowledged from my previous visits. Art is more than something to just look at for a few seconds, by actually comparing pieces from different cultures one is able to see how those in the past thought differently and get a taste of their culture and how it has changed. The greatest contributor to how the West was able to rise is definitely because of their ability to expand their culture because of their desire try unfamiliar things. Through their art you are able to see how much the West had transformed throughout the years, which proved to be very beneficial.

International Wage Differential and Migration between Germany and Turkey

Introduction Economic models asserts that migration rises when wage differentials widens between the host country and the home country. If the host country has better payment terms than the home country, more employees will be lured to move to take advantage of the higher payment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Wage Differential and Migration between Germany and Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a more vibrant framework, especially where the migrations duration is temporary, the number of immigrants in the host country is more than where the immigration duration is unending. However, economics model reveals that when the immigrants’ duration is temporal the optimal migration is low. Several factors influence the trend and the magnitude of the migration that is experienced between two countries. Other than wage differentials, the existence of employment opportunities has also been co nsidered to influence workers mobility. When job opportunity and existence of wage disparities are merged, a rigorous migration trend is created that entirely shape the economic output of the affected countries. The other factor that stimulates migration is the existence of technological differences among the various countries that are involved. Besides income variation and treed trade has been earmarked as one of the factors thank contribute heavily to immigration. Countries with large income propensities are increasingly receiving large amount of immigrants from countries low-income margins. Similarly, more technically advanced country usually operated at full employment while a less developed countries have high unemployment rates. Therefore, one of the two countries, which meet these conditions, experiences high rates of migration. Due to the erratic nature of immigration, most countries find themselves in a dilemma to contain such movements. Thus, this research project endeavou red considers all the factors that affect migration between Turkey and Germany. In this case, most emigrants move from Turkey to German where wages are relatively higher. Research Objectives The research sought to obtain the rationale of the following issues.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To determine the constituents of wage differential To understand the optimal level of migration in a given country To understand the effects of migration; both to the host country as well as the home country Literature Review The research consulted several written materials to obtain the views and observation of economists concerning the issue of wage differential and migration. In addition, the literature review helps to find consistence between their finding and the finding of this research. History of Migration from Turkey to Germany The migration was more or less active during the t wentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The political changes in Europe were pertaining to the migration rates, especially in the between- and post-war periods; ethnic changes and attitude to ethnic groups was another reason for migration when people were seeking shelter or political asylum. Employment rates and labour shortages became one of the strongest motivations for employees from all over the world to migrate to the countries that were rebuilding their economies in 1950-1960s. Economic differences and wage differentials can be considered another contributing factor to the migration flows (Dustmann, â€Å"The European Experience† 215). As such, the major events that influenced the economic and political changes impacted the migration rates from Turkey to Germany. Modern Migration Though some authors try to trace the roots of the migration from Turkey to German alluding to the colonial migration to the Western Europe (Akgà ¼ndà ¼z 124), modern trends have reveal cha nge of motivators from need of maiden land to wage differentials. Djajic (99) contends that wage differentials are influenced by variation in factor prices. A higher factor price leads to a low return on capital and therefore low wage rates. On the other hand, when the country has low factor prices, the return on capital is high and therefore the stimulating international migration. Another section of economist claims that recruitment fee also influences the bearing of the immigration. Higher recruitment fess adds to the factor cost and it negatively affects the amount of wage offered thus discouraging migration (Massey and Taylor). However, this principle is only applicable under free trade where the country does not practice protectionism. Migration and Income International migration is also influenced by the level of income in additional to wage differentials. Low income from the sending country motivates locals to aspire to go for better incomes outside the country (Faini De Me lo 49). One of the reasons for migration was the employment (Eickelman and Piscatori 153). The inclusion of income factor obscures the relationship between migration and trade liberalization. For instance, income below a certain thresholds in the home country complements both trade liberalization and migrations. This is because trade liberalization and migration is liable to promote income in the home country. Once income is augmented to a particular threshold, migration rate recedes or it is entirely brought to a stop. The rationale behind is the fact that majority of the people prefer working in their native countries. Therefore, trade liberalization and migration are either complements or substitutes in the upper income threshold (Faini and De Melo 50).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Wage Differential and Migration between Germany and Turkey specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technological Advanc ement Technological differences have also been cited as one of the main catalyst of international migrations. Djajic illustrates that a country that is more technically advanced relieves most of its workers from their daily jobs as they are misplaced by machinery (99). The machine usage lowers the pressure on wages leading to low hourly wages; the affected individuals are easily by hire wages elsewhere (Djajic 99). Massey and Taylor dispel this assumption by arguing that international wage trends are not easily predictable and therefore not easily applicable (10). The internal operations of a country economic factor are not readily predictable due to the dynamism assumed by many factors that influence wage rates. natural intuition provide that countries which are more industrialized have high national income and also high wage rate, thus displaced employees find it difficult to cope with low wages than offered in the local country. Educational Opportunities Education can be consider ed another factor that contributed greatly to the growth of migration rates between Turkey and Germany. New educational institutions in Europe and increasing importance of the education in Turkey made the flow of students from Turkey into Europe and, namely, into Germany growing. As reported in the study by Sunata, the European governments in 1990s â€Å"facilitate legal regulations, such as student visas and work permits as well as the probability of grants and loans† (187). This shows that the situation was changing from time to time and the educational opportunities became open and more affordable for foreign students abroad, especially regarding the legal regulations adapted in many European countries such as Germany. Economies of Scales Another notable factor that influences international migration is the economics of scale. Djajic argues that a country that constantly returns to scale generates more demand compared to countries with diminishing returns to scale (100). H ence, increased pull-demand for job is increased in countries that enjoy economies scale. Moreover, the ability of the country to expand its operation increases that is generated causes increased demand for labour, which by extension causes immigration. These countries keep low production costs that allow firms to maintain higher wages. On the other hand, economic models assume that economies of scale rarely exist in the end due to entrance of new firms. This may reduce the duration of immigration, hence leading to a low immigration optimal. Nonetheless, where immigration duration is permanent the optimal level of migration is usually high.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of Migration to the Economy Although most scholars’ associate migration to brains drain but it has been found out that both the host countries and the home country benefits a great deal from employee mobility. Hatton asserts that high economic growth is often experience where the country obtains more work force to utilize the already existing resources (4). On the other hand, the home country benefits from the resources and finances, which are sent home by the emigrants. Conversely, most host countries benefit mostly when the large constituent of the immigrants are skilled with ability to operate the machinery already installed. Djajic contends that immigrants’ remittances assume a type of insurance premium that furnish the risks associated with migration and therefore they feel the welfare of their family is well catered for (254). He further asserts that remittances form an integral part of the decision making on the part of the immigrants, once the remittanc es is able to cater for the welfare of the entire family, immigration decision is reached with ease. Methodology The report was prepared after based on information gathered from secondary sources. These sources include books, and internet reports, which were done on this area. From varied literature, the researcher sieved and collected relevant data utilized for this report. The research covers the migration movements from Turkey to Germany. According to the ILO records, Germany has a higher wage rate compared to Turkey. Moreover, Germany is technically more developed than Turkey thus having a higher demand for skilled labour. With this distinct parity, most skilled personnel from Turkey are attracted by the lucrative opportunity in Germany but not available in Turkey. The data on the two countries that was used in this report was entirely collected from internet and previous reports on these areas available in books. This information was collected from library books, journals, and internet. The ensuing results and discussion was purely based on the findings from these sources. Results and Discussion This section comprises discussions that emanates from the information that was collected from various sources. The discussion strives to find correlation of the report and the previous findings from secondary sources. Migration duration. Table showing the number of emigrants return (Dustmann, â€Å"Wage Differentials† 239). Year 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 No 59 32 29 32 26 14 12 Percent 20.49 11.11 10.07 11.11 9.03 4.86 4.17 Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Total No 13 16 22 10 8 288 Percent 4.51 5.56 7.64 3.47 5.21 2.78 100.00 A table of Immigrants that returned home The above data was collected from Germany immigration office covering the trend adopted by emigrants from Turkey and their return behaviour. This information was used to determine the number of emigrants that returned to Turkey that returned to their home countries a fter the expiration of their immigration period. From the samples it was evident that majority of immigrant were reacted upon to return to Turkey over the last 14 years that was covered by the research. From the observation of 14 years, 288 immigrants left Germany to return to Turkey. This figure is broken down according the year that the immigrants returned. The data above reveals that majority of immigrants that went to Germany did not return to their home country because of the lucrative wages that they received in the host country. It is therefore correct to deduce that most immigrants are ready to default their migration period to continue enjoying lucrative wages in German. Employees from Turkey in Germany, by occupational groups Occupational group 2000 2005 ISCO-1 1,893 2,279 ISCO-2 5,150 4,968 Engineers 1,476 1,709 ISCO-3 17,994 16,661 Total (Occupational Groups ISCO 1-3) 25,035 23,098 Total (All Occupational Groups) 556,498 458,243 Share of ISCO 1-3 in All Occupational Groups (%) 4.5 5.2 Deduced from Bundestamt fà ¼r Migration und Flà ¼chtlinge (Sunata 15). As such, the ISCO-1 relates to managers and senior officials including legislators; the group of ISCO-2 contains professional employees such as medical staff, educators, lawyers, and all the categories of formal education; ISCO-3 covers the category of technicians and other vocational specialisations (Sunata 15-16). Regarding this situation with employment and percentage of occupational groups’ enrolment, unqualified employees from Turkey are more common for Germany than qualified ones. Wage Differential and Immigration Predicted average wage Most of the Turkey’s emigrants are motivated by two things. The duration of stay and wage differentials. When the wage differential is low but the duration of stay is long, most people still finds it worth to go for migration. On the other side, when wage differential is high most employee are willing to work for shorter dur ation. For instance where higher wages are offered say at 20 Euros most people are willing to work even fears. Optimal migration The optimal migration is the flow of human capital from one country to another considering a specific period of time based on the skill-oriented policy when skilled and qualified professionals are motivated to migrate. The current situation, regarding the migration rates from Turkey to Germany in terms of by occupational groups, shows that unskilled workers from poorer country tend to migrate to the richer one. Just like the observation by many economists when the optimal migration occurs where the duration of immigration is long. In this case, the optimal migration occurs when the duration is stay is between 10 to 15 years. At this point, the number of immigrants starts increasing at a decreasing rate. Beyond this level, the most Turkey’s immigrants were willing to return to their home country. Similarly, below this duration stay many emigrants are willing to default their stay contract to continue enjoying longer stay. It was also observed that most emigrants were lured by hefty remittances that they received from the Germany’s government. The above observation coincided by the observation that was made by Djajic who associated most immigration to the effects of remittances (254). Effects of Immigration Concerning which country benefits the most from immigrants, as Djajic points out; most benefits were received by Germany. The only that was received by Turkey was limited to remittances that were disbursed home. However, majority of this information was used to meet domestic obligations as opposed to development projects. Thus, the parity between the two countries is likely to widen because little of the money is used by Turkeys government for industrialization purposes. On its part, Germany benefits greatly from the huge production that is generated by the Turkey immigrants. Therefore, the Turkey continues to lag behi nd as its effort to reduce wage difference existing between itself and Germany remains a far away dream. This observation concurs with Hatton assertion that the host country benefits more from the services provided by the immigrants (4). Conclusions and recommendations Recommendations From the above results, the following recommendations have been proposed to the host countries, which have benefited less from the migration. Since the main cause of migration is wage differential, Turkey could curb mass exodus of its talent and smart brains by implementing the following recommendations. Turkey should assume protectionism policy to discourage immigration that withdraws the best brains from the country to be used elsewhere. The country should strive to increase the income levels in the home country because it has been found out that high-income thresholds complements immigration and free trade. This is also because most people prefer working in their native countries than in foreign co untries. The government should adopt technological advancement to provide job opportunities to the skilled personnel that are left jobless or are underemployed and in the process they opt to seek better pay in Germany. Conclusion Although international migration traces its origin to the slave trade era, the movement people from country to country is still relevant in the modern days. Notably, the factors that influence such movements have greatly changed. However, wage differentials have remained the most critical factor that oils migration of people across nations. Immigrants from Turkey are lured by better income in Germany. Other factors that have been found to facilitate increased migration from Turkey to Germany include trade liberalization, technological advancement, and constant returns to scales. It is evident that Turkey has benefitted marginally from the migration and therefore it would be prudent for the government to contain these movements as the best brains are shippe d out. The only way that it can contain such movements is through adopting some form of protectionism policy. Failure to act on wage differential based immigration away from Turkey would only perpetuate economic imbalance between Turkey and Germany; the gaps will continuously widen. Reference List Akgà ¼ndà ¼z, Ahmet. Labour Migration from Turkey to Western Europe, 1960-1974: A Multidisciplinary Analysis. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008. Djajic, Slobodan. International Migration: Trends and Economic Impact. New York: Routledge, 2001. Dustmann, Christian. â€Å"Return Migration: The European Experience.† Economic Policy 11.22 (1996): 213-250. Dustmann, Christian. â€Å"Return Migration, Wage Differentials, and the Optimal Migration Duration.† European Economic Review 47 (2003): 353–369. Eickelman, Dale F., and James P. Piscatori. Muslim Travellers: Pilgrimage, Migration, and the Religious Imagination. London: University of California Press, 1990. Faini, Riccardo and Jaime De Melo. Migration: The Controversies and the Evidence. London: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Hutton, Timothy J. Migration and the International Labor Market, 1850-1939. London: Routledge Publishers, 1994. Massey, Douglas, S., and Edward J. Taylor. Development Strategy, Employment and Irrigation and Migration; Insights from Models. Paris: OECD Press, 1996. Roleff, Tamara, L. Immigration Opposing View Points. Michigan: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Sunata, Ulas. Highly Skilled Labor Migration. Berlin: LIT Verlag Mà ¼nster, 2010. This essay on International Wage Differential and Migration between Germany and Turkey was written and submitted by user Rhino to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.